Design and Development of a Smart Energy Management System Based on Hybrid Demand Side Management For 1100 Wp Off Grid Solar Power Plant Battery Optimization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/Keywords:
ESP32, Hybrid DSM, LiFePO4, Off-Grid Solar System, PZEM-017, Smart Energy Management SystemAbstract
Off-Grid solar power plant systems often face battery life degradation due to deep discharge cycles. This research aimed to design a Smart Energy Management System (SEMS) based on an ESP32 microcontroller and PZEM-017 sensors to monitor and control load dispatch. The system supplied a 3,420 Wh daily load using 1,100 Wp solar panels and a 25.6V 100Ah (2,560 Wh) LiFePO4 battery. The applied strategy was Hybrid Demand Side Management (DSM), integrating Load Shifting and Load Shedding. Test results indicated the sensors operated exceptionally well with an average error rate of 1.44%. The system successfully executed Load Shifting by directly powering heavy loads during abundant solar production . Conversely, it executed priority Load Shedding by disconnecting non-essential loads during power-saving mode . Furthermore, the system automatically switched the power source to the utility grid when the battery reached a critical condition . The evaluation proved this system effectively prevented 100% deep discharge and limited the maximum Depth of Discharge (DoD) to 80%, significantly extending the LiFePO4 battery's cycle life.
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